先天性声门下狭窄饮食指南：安全喂养与营养支持

一、饮食核心原则

1. 安全第一原则

   • 避免呛咳和误吸风险

   • 选择易于吞咽的食物质地

   • 密切监控喂养过程

2. 营养均衡

   • 确保充足热量和蛋白质支持生长

   • 补充维生素和矿物质，特别是铁和钙

二、推荐食物清单

三、必须避免的食物

1. 高风险食物

   • 坚硬食物：坚果、生胡萝卜、糖果

   • 粘性食物：花生酱、糯米团

   • 大块食物：整颗葡萄、肉块

2. 刺激性食物

   • 辛辣调料：辣椒、胡椒

   • 酸性食物：柑橘类果汁

   • 碳酸饮料：可乐、汽水

四、喂养技巧与注意事项

姿势：保持 upright 喂养位置，减少 reflux 风险
节奏：缓慢喂养，允许充分咀嚼和吞咽时间
监控：观察呼吸和吞咽 signs，如有异常立即停止

喂养 TIP：

• 使用 specialized 奶嘴或喂养工具

• 少量多餐，避免过度喂养

• 保持 hydration with water or electrolyte solutions as advised

五、特殊考虑

1. 婴儿期：

   • 优先母乳或配方奶，必要时添加 thickeners

   • 引入固体食物延迟至 6 个月后， under medical guidance

2. 儿童期：

   • 教育孩子 chewing thoroughly

   • 避免 eating while playing or running

3. 合并其他 conditions：如 GERD，需调整 diet to manage reflux

六、营养补充建议

1. 维生素 D：补充 as per pediatric recommendation

2. Iron：重要 for growth, use fortified foods or supplements

3. Calories： monitor weight gain, adjust intake if needed

七、常见误区

❌ 误区1："All soft foods are safe"
✅ 真相：Some soft foods can still cause choking; always supervise

❌ 误区2："Feeding faster is better"
✅ 真相：Slow and steady feeding prevents complications

❌ 误区3："No need for professional advice"
✅ 真相：Consult with pediatrician or speech therapist for personalized plan

效果监测：
Regular follow-ups with healthcare provider to assess:

• Growth parameters (weight, height)

• Swallowing function improvements

• Incidence of aspiration or respiratory issues

注意事项：

• In cases of severe stenosis, tube feeding may be necessary

• Avoid self-management; always seek medical advice

• Diet should be part of a comprehensive treatment plan including possible surgical interventions

With careful dietary management, many children with congenital subglottic stenosis can achieve safe feeding and normal growth. Regular monitoring and professional guidance are essential.